Description:
The geoid model for Taiwan, including the Kinmen and Matzu islands, covers the area 118°E–125°E and 21°N–27°N with a grid resolution of 30" x 30". The gravimetric model is based on land, shipborne and airborne gravity data, as well as marine gravity derived from satellite altimetry. After merging data by least-squares collocation, a remove-restore procedure is applied. First height anomalies are computed by 1D FFT with Wong-Gore modification of the Stokes kernel and then they are converted into the geoid heights. The reference global gravity model is EGM2008 up to degree and order 2190. The used digital terrain model is derived from several photogrammetric surveys at a resolution of 3"×3" and 9"×9" for the inner and outer zone, respectively. The gravimetric model is finally adapted to GPS/levelling data at more than 2000 benchmarks. To this aim, an interpolation based on the minimum curvature principle (GMT command) is adopted. The resulting hybrid geoid model provides the transformation surface between the conventional Taiwan Vertical Datum (TWVD2001) and Taiwan Datum 97 (TWD97). The gravimetric model fits the GPS/levelling control points with a standard deviation of 7.9 cm (and a mean difference of 21.9 cm), while the hybrid solution fits them with a standard deviation of 3.6 cm (and a mean difference of -0.9 cm).
Model Citations:
C. Hwang, H.-J. Hsu, W.E. Featherstone, C.-C. Cheng, M. Yang, W. Huang, C.-Y. Wang, J.-F. Huang, K.-H. Chen, C.-H. Huang, H. Chen, W.-Y. Su (2018). The gravimetric geoid of Taiwan: TWGEOID18g. V. 1.0. GFZ Data Services. DOI: 10.5880/isg.2018.001
C. Hwang, H.-J. Hsu, W.E. Featherstone, C.-C. Cheng, M. Yang, W. Huang, C.-Y. Wang, J.-F. Huang, K.-H. Chen, C.-H. Huang, H. Chen, W.-Y. Su (2018). The hybrid geoid of Taiwan: TWGEOID18h. V. 1.0. GFZ Data Services. DOI:
10.5880/isg.2018.002
Reference:
C. Hwang, H.-J. Hsu, W.E. Featherstone, C.-C. Cheng, M. Yang, W. Huang, C.-Y. Wang, J.-F. Huang, K.-H. Chen, C.-H. Huang, H. Chen, W.-Y. Su (2020). New gravimetric-only and hybrid geoid models of Taiwan for height 5 modernisation, cross-island datum connection and airborne LiDAR mapping. Journal of Geodesy 94, 83. DOI: 10.1007/s00190-020-01412-5.
Digital object identifiers:
DOI: 10.5880/isg.2018.001 (gravimetric geoid in ISG format)
DOI: 10.5880/isg.2018.002 (hybrid geoid in ISG format)
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